Running on electricity or clean fuels

Transportation, including planes, boats, trains, trucks, and cars, must shift to clean fuels.

To achieve a green transition, both corporations and consumers must focus on several key objectives:
-Redesigning all fossil fuel-powered vehicles, whether energy-efficient or not, to operate on electric batteries (e.g., electric cars) or clean-fuel engines (e.g., hydrogen fuel cells for long-range planes). Currently, only a limited number of electric vehicles (EVs) are operational, with clean-fuel planes and boats still in the experimental stage.
-Scaling up the production and adoption of clean vehicles to replace outdated models.
-Increasing the production of electricity and clean fuels to support this transition.

At present, electric vehicles represent only a small percentage of global car sales.

Electric vehicles (EVs) primarily rely on batteries. While their sales are increasing, they currently represent only a single-digit percentage of total car sales.[1]

For EVs to become more widely adopted, both the cost of vehicles and the performance of their batteries must improve significantly in the coming years.

Key factors include reducing battery costs, developing technology based on abundant materials, enhancing battery weight-to-range ratios, enabling faster charging, and improving recycling options. Investments are focused on creating affordable, lightweight, and fast-charging batteries that can compete with gasoline-powered cars. Many consider advancements in battery technology as a key factor in achieving a carbon-neutral economy powered by renewable energy sources such as sunlight and wind.

Households and businesses should not only invest in electric vehicles (EVs) but also ensure that they recharge their vehicles using clean energy.

To fully realize the potential of EVs, they must be recharged using green electricity or clean fuels. Whether through battery swapping, fast charging, or fuel cell replacement, this will necessitate new sources of electricity generation, such as:
-Solar power plants paired with storage systems to recharge vehicles at night.
-Wind turbine plants producing hydrogen via electrolysis, which can then be compressed into a liquid state.
-Spare batteries recharged by solar or wind power during the day, available for swapping in place of discharged batteries.
-Nuclear power plants providing electricity for vehicle recharging during nighttime hours.

To reduce the strain on the electrical grid, households and businesses can install solar panels on their rooftops:
-Home batteries can store solar energy during the day to recharge vehicles at night.
-Spare car batteries can be recharged by local renewable energy shops during the day, ready to replace depleted batteries.
-Solar and wind installations at commercial facilities can supply power to charging stations in parking lots for commuter vehicles.

Clean fuels such as hydrogen, electrofuels, and biofuels have the potential to replace gasoline, but their cost remains a significant challenge.

Hydrogen, when produced through electrolysis and compressed into a liquid state, is an expensive alternative fuel.

Electrofuels, designed to store renewable energy in chemical bonds for use as liquid fuel replacements for gasoline, are still in the experimental stage.

Biofuels derived from crops or algae offer another pathway, though their production could compete with food resources.

These alternative fuels could be particularly valuable for aviation, where the weight of batteries is prohibitive. Additionally, biofuels currently blended with gasoline, as seen in the US, could be redirected for use in aircraft.