COP21: a benchmark, not a solution, for nations

COP21 is not a solution in itself; it establishes carbon reduction targets without prescribing specific economic methods.

Each nation is responsible for developing its own strategies to meet the agreed-upon targets. These strategies may include a mix of regulations on energy efficiency, carbon pricing mechanisms on fossil fuels, investments in renewable energy infrastructure, and other economic policies that effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

COP21 seeks to guide all nations toward a net-zero future, thereby eliminating the need for border adjustment carbon taxes between countries.

COP21 was designed to prevent the implementation of carbon border tax adjustments, such as tariffs, aimed at protecting domestic industries committed to green initiatives from unfair competition with countries that have less stringent environmental standards.

While COP21 represented an initial and relatively modest step with limited carbon reduction targets, it set the stage for future, more ambitious actions. However, subsequent COP negotiations have faced challenges, stalling progress on these critical advancements.

COP21 must acknowledge the historical CO2 emissions of the wealthiest countries.

For developed nations, COP21 signifies a commitment to reducing national GHG emissions, with pledges to enforce stricter environmental regulations by 2030 or later. The full phase-out of fossil fuels is aimed for 2050, though these commitments will only be credible if short-term targets are successfully achieved.

For developing nations, COP21 offers assurances of financial compensation and technology transfers, enabling them to advance their economies without depending on coal reserves.